The agricultural shift is often praised as progress, but it can be read as a trap. Sapiens gained more calories, yet many individuals worked harder, ate worse, and lived with tighter constraints.
Domestication flipped the usual story: humans did not only tame wheat; wheat tamed humans. Fields demanded constant labor, protection, and planning. Villages grew, birthrates rose, and suddenly people could not easily return to roaming without abandoning dependents and stores.
Agriculture also created new vulnerabilities: drought, disease from crowded living, and inequality rooted in land and surplus. Elites could accumulate grain and command labor, while ordinary bodies bent to schedules set by seasons and masters.
The revolution expanded the species, not necessarily the happiness of a person. It produced a larger human machine, and then asked individuals to serve it.