When people complain, they usually want two things before solutions: to be heard, and to be respected.
If you interrupt, justify, or counterattack, you increase pressure. The complaint becomes a fight, and the person becomes committed to their anger. Let them empty the emotion first.
Listen without debating. Acknowledge the feeling even if you dispute details. Ask clarifying questions. Show you’re trying to understand the experience, not just the accusation.
This creates a safety valve. The heat escapes, and the person can return to reason. Many disputes calm down once the other person feels taken seriously.
Your task is not to “win” the complaint. It’s to lower the temperature so a solution becomes possible. Listening is leadership under pressure.